Objectives: With the increasing expansion of digital banking, cyber threats have become a significant financial and operational risk. This study aimed to develop a model grounded in macro-ergonomic principles to enhance cybersecurity resilience and reduce financial risk in the digital banking industry.
Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, 15 experts were interviewed, and the data were examined using thematic analysis. In the quantitative phase, the resulting conceptual model was tested using a researcher-developed questionnaire administered to 387 bank employees. Data analysis and final model evaluation were performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in LISREL software.
Results: The qualitative analysis identified five main themes and 32 sub-themes that formed the dimensions of the model: technical-instrumental subsystem, human-psychological, organizational-structural, environmental-supervisory factors, and cybersecurity resilience (consequence). The results of the quantitative model test showed that the model had a good fit (minimum discrepancy function by degrees of freedom divided [CMIN/DF] = 2.41, goodness of fit index [GFI] = 0.92, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.94, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.061, standardized root mean square [SRMR] = 0.057). All four macro-ergonomic dimensions had a positive and significant effect on cybersecurity resilience. Among them, the "organizational-structural subsystem" with a standardized path coefficient of 0.48 had the most critical impact and was identified as the strongest predictor.
Conclusion: The sociotechnical model based on macroergonomics provides an efficient framework for analyzing and strengthening cybersecurity resilience in digital banking, thereby helping reduce financial risks. This result emphasizes the need to transition from purely technical approaches to a systemic, interactive approach among humans, technology, and organizational structures.
