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Analysis of the Impact of Hidden Withdrawal Profile on Key Indicators of Organizational Performance
Nabi Omidi, Maryam Shokri, Hadi Meftahi, Mohammadreza Omidi, Farshid Modiri,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics 2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Hidden withdrawal profiles, as subtle behavioral patterns in the workplace, can significantly influence key indicators of human resource performance. This study aimed to analyze the impact of these profiles on "turnover intention", "career intentions", and "job performance" among employees of Bustan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran.
Methods: This applied, descriptive-survey research included 240 hospital staff members. Using Cochran's formula, 146 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Data were collected using standardized and validated instruments in the field of organizational behavior. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS software; moreover, measurement validity and reliability were confirmed through KMO, Bartlett, AVE, CR, and Rho-A indices.
Results: Path analysis results indicated a significant positive relationship between hidden withdrawal profiles and turnover intention (β=0.636, t=13.297); however, there were significant negative effects on career intentions (β=-0.482, t=9.519) and job performance (β=-0.803, t=21.079). All t-values exceeded 1.96, and P-values were below 0.001.
Conclusion: Hidden withdrawal behaviors play a critical role in reducing performance and increasing turnover tendencies. The findings highlight the need for early identification of such behavioral patterns and the implementation of psychological and managerial interventions to enhance motivation and employee retention.

Integrated Model of Municipal Employees' Efficiency and Performance Based on Transformational Leadership and Smart City Technologies
Maryam Shokri, Jafar Nasir Nateri,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics-In Press 2026)
Abstract
Background and Objective
With the rapid expansion of smart city initiatives, municipal employees' productivity challenges have become a critical organizational and service delivery issue. This study aimed to design an integrated model of transformational leadership, smart city technologies, and organizational ergonomics to enhance the efficiency and performance of municipal employees in smart cities.
Methods
This mixed-methods study consisted of qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 elite experts and senior managers, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis (256 initial codes, 41 sub-themes, 4 main themes). In the quantitative phase, the conceptual model was tested through a researcher-developed questionnaire administered to 238 employees from Tehran Municipality District 8 (96.36% response rate). Data analysis was performed using PLS-SEM in Smart PLS 4 software with 5000 bootstrap subsamples.
Result
Qualitative analysis identified 4 main themes: transformational leadership, smart city technologies, organizational ergonomics, and employee efficiency/performance. Quantitative results demonstrated excellent model fit (R²=0.78, Q²=0.56, SRMR=0.051, NFI=0.95). All three dimensions had significant positive effects on efficiency; transformational leadership exhibited the strongest effect with a path coefficient of 0.46 (t=8.47, f²=0.42), identified as the primary predictor.
Conclusion
The integrated model of transformational leadership, smart city technologies, and organizational ergonomics provides an effective framework for analyzing and enhancing municipal employees' efficiency in smart cities. This approach is expected to improve service efficiency and citizen satisfaction. The findings underscore the need to shift from purely technology-driven approaches to a systemic, human-centered perspective integrating leadership, technology, and job design.
 

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