Showing 339 results for Type of Study: Research
Rashid Heidarimoghadam, Mehrane Shabani, Younes Lotfi, Fakhradin Ghasemi, Younes Mohammadi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: One of the factors affecting carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the lack of coordination and appropriateness of these tools. Designing a handy tool helps with a better performance, befitting and less fatigue. In this study, anthropometric data on the hands (right and left) of women and men were collected.
Materials & Methods: This research was descriptive and 576 people participated in this study; 10 anthropometric measurements of the hand according to the principles of measurement of Pheasant were measured by digital caliper under the same conditions. The measured anthropometric dimensions were the length of the hands and palms, the width of the hands and palms, the length of the fingers (m1-m2-m3-m4-m5) and the maximum power grip. Descriptive indices such as percentile 5, 50 and 95, maximum and minimum, mean and standard deviation were calculated using SPSS software.
Results: 290 women and 286 men participated in this study. Mean and standard deviation of age was (40.58 ± 9.95), height (1.66 ± 1.14) and BMI (26.85 ± 4.50). 90.8% were right handed and (9.2%) were left handed. The mean difference in length of hand, palm length, hand width, thumb length, middle finger length, small finger length, maximum power grip of women and men were statistically significant (P<0.01). All dimensions of the hand in men were larger than women.
Conclusion: Anthropometric dimensions are influenced by factors such as gender, age, genetics, and even type of nutrition, occupation, and other factors. The size of the dimensions of the hands of women and men are different. Anthropometric database of two communities should be used to design handheld devices that are commonly used by both women and men. The findings can be used to design and redesign any hand tools and improve the convenience of users.
Fakhradin Ghasemi, Mostafa Mirzaei, Mohsen Mahdinia, Ebrahim Darvishi, Reza Shahidi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Many organizational, social, and personal factors can affect safety performance of employees. Personal commitment to safety is another factor in this regard to which has been paid less attention in previous studies. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the role of this factor in shaping safety performance of employees.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 workers from several small manufacturing industries in several provinces located in the center of Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to determine the role of personal commitment to safety, several hypotheses were defined. According to them, personal commitment to safety can mediate the effect of organizational factors on safety performance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for examining the hypotheses.
Results: The model demonstrated that personal commitment to safety has significant direct effect on safety performance. Management commitment to safety is the main factor affecting personal commitment to safety (P<0.01, path coefficient= 0.257). Supportive environment was another important factor in this regard (P<0.01, path coefficient= 0.175). In contrast, safety training had no significant effect on personal commitment to safety (P=0.328), demonstrating its poor designing.
Conclusion: Personal commitment to safety can be promoted by improving organization and social factors, such as management commitment to safety and supportive environment, which in turn would result in improvement of safety performance.
Tahereh Gholami, Najmeh Rahnavard, Marziyeh Sadeghzadeh, Sepideh Tahmtan,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are major problems among hospital staff. One of the most important reasons for these disorders are patient handling tasks and psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and psychosocial stressors caused by patients handling among nurse aids.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 56 nurse aids of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2017. The data were collected via Nordic questionnaire, MAPO index checklist and job content questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables and the Chi-square test for analyzing the data.
Results: The results showed that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was in the lower back (71.4%) and the least in the thigh and neck area (46.4%). The results of MAPO index for risk of musculoskeletal disorders showed that 9 out of 12 sections (63.2%) were in the 2nd level. Also, the average score of the dimensions of the psychological job demands and the physical job demands are high and the average score of social support is low, which indicates high stress. Also, the physical job demands (P=0.035), social support (P=0.002) and job insecurity (P=0.001) were related to the levels of MAPO risks.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, the prevalence of lower back pain is high and nurse aids experience many psychosocial stressors in their job life. So the training of ergonomic principles and the use of auxiliary equipment during the transport of patients, as well as the reduction of stressors such as the psychological and physical job demand and the lack of social support and job insecurity by authorities, the risk of musculoskeletal disorders can be reduced.
Mahshid Bahrami, Mansoureh Sadeghi, Alireza Dehdashti, Meysam Karami,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: working with computer for long duration, static condition, and poor posture may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to assess an educational and ergonomic intervention on improving work procedure among computer users in office work in 2016.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 28 employees of administrative staff of Damghan Velayat Hospital. In order to determine the level of ergonomic risk, the physical status of patients was evaluated before and 6 months after intervention using ROSA method. The ergonomic principles were also used to increase the staff’s awareness. Finally, one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were used to analyze the statistical data.
Results: Prior to the implementation of the educational intervention program, the most important risk factors were in the neck (P=0.009), elbows (P=0.019) and shoulders (P=0.031), respectively. After the intervention, this level of risk was reduced in the organs, which was a significant change. There were also other variables; age (P=0.028), gender (P=0.015), BMI (P=0.040), education level (P=0.047) and job experience (P=0.025). They had a significant effect on the final score of ROSA.
Conclusion: The results indicated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk level by ROSA method which requires ergonomic intervention in the design of the environment, tools and equipment along with educational intervention.
Saideh Meshgin, Rahman Sheikhhoseini, Ramin Balouchi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: People with different ages especially children and teenagers spend most of their free time using electronic entertainments The purpose of this research was studying the relationship between “upper body posture” and physical activity, mental aspects and the use of electronic entertainments.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 160 female students aged 7-12 years old, from 17th district of Tehran were chosen. Tools for collecting information was short-form physical activity measure questionnaire (IPAQ), personal information questionnaire consisting of questions about the amount of time using electronic entertainments, Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and children’s depression inventory (CDI) by Maria Kovacs. Photogrammetric method was applied for measuring forward head and rounded shoulder angle, and a flexible ruler for measuring kyphosis angle. A linear regression test with a %95 level of certainty was used for analysing collected information (P <0.05).
Results: There is a meaningful relationship between depression and anxiety with students’ forward head angle, and depression and electronic entertainments with kyphosis angle (P<0.05). But no meaningful relationship was observed between rounded shoulder angle and mental aspects and physical activity.
Conclusion: A close relationship between psychological factors and upper body posture in female primary school students from Tehran was observed and this issue should be considered while designing preventive and corrective programs.
Fatemeh Zameni, Ahmad Soltanzadeh, Parvin Nasiri,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: In the modern industrial world, the health of the employees in different Occupations can be influenced by the interaction of various risk factors. So, the purpose of present study was to assess and analyze the relationship between the factors including shift work, job stress, job satisfaction and health in a petrochemical industry.
Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted using analytical and cross-sectional method. The statistical population was all employees of a petrochemical company (4000 people). Using the Cochran formula, a sample of 360 individuals were selected using simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a high reliability integrated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83). Data was analyzed using SPSS22.0.
Results: The analytical results of relationship between shift work, occupational stress, occupational satisfaction and health showed that all hypotheses in the conceptual model were approved and there was a significant relationship between these factors (P<0.001). Also, the results showed that, in addition to the direct effect of shift work on health, due to the effect on occupational stress and occupational satisfaction, it was indirectly related to health (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The findings indicated that shift work as a direct factor and as a mediator and indirect factor through impact on factors such as occupational satisfaction and stress can affect the health of employees. Therefore, considering this organizational phenomenon and its redesign or its change can play an important role in increasing the level of occupational health and motivation as well as organizational productivity.
Bahram Ipaki,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Parkinson’s is a progressive disease of the nervous system that by affecting the body movements, affects patients’ quality of life and makes daily tasks like eating, difficult and time consuming for them. The aim of this study was to improve the comfort situation of Parkinson patient when eating by identifying ergonomic problems, and designing product for this.
Methods: 12 Parkinson’s patients were chosen by simple random sampling method. Data was collected through a translated Interview of the Discomfort Questionnaire section of ErgoFellow Software and direct observation of patients while eating. After the final data analysis and extraction of design guidelines, design ideas were sketched and the final design was formed after AHP evaluation.
Results: Discomfort Questionnaire data (the average rate of 10.6out of 7 (1. 514)) showed that the non-ergonomic posture of hands, fingers, wrists, arms, elbows, neck, upper back (lumber), and shoulders, the discomfort rate while eating, is more intense, compared to other parts of the body . Observations have also shown that in order to near food to patient mouth, occur Non-ergonomic changes in the patient’s posture. Therefore, designing product should be done using anthropometric data.
Conclusion: The results showed that reduction of mouth-to-food distance would reduce discomfort and fatigue for the Parkinson’s patient. Therefore, using anthropometric data, a height-adjustable product was designed and developed that improves the position of the posture and reduces the patient’s discomfort situation during eating food.
Iraj Mohammadfam, Tahere Eskandari, Maryam Farokhzad,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The main cause of incidents is human error. The occurrence of these errors in the use of medical equipment can result in harm to the patient, the destruction of equipment, the imposition of economic damages, and the deterioration of the credentials of the health sectors. Hence, the identification, evaluation and management of errors in the use of these equipment is very critical. The present study was conducted to reduce the risk of human errors in using a medical device in one of the hospitals in Iran.
Methods: The study subject was a ventilator device, which was selected considering the high usage and the criticality of its use in hospitals. Identification and evaluation of human error were performed using the PUEA technique, as well as quantification of errors, and reduction of uncertainty in estimating the significance of detected human errors using fuzzy logic.
Results: Based on the findings, 33 errors were detected in the use of the ventilator device. The most common types of errors were the type of error in operation. (72.72%). The most important causes of errors were slips and lapses (42.42%). The main primary consequences for the predicted errors were the device not being sterilized and the possibility of transmission of microbes to patients. In 42.42% of the cases, errors were not recoverable. The results of the PUEA technique and fuzzy logic showed that there is no relationship between the type of error, frequency of its occurrence, and the probability of error occurrence.
Conclusion: In human error studies, the combined use of risk identification techniques and a quantitative approach that determines the probability of identified errors can reduce uncertainty in the final results.
Bahram Ipaki, Zahra Merrikhpour,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the important points in user-centric design is to pay attention to the physical and psychological conditions of the user and the errors caused by the product’s undesirable design. The bicycle shifting system is one of the most complex components that many interactions of users with it have an effect on them. This research recognizes the exact needs of cyclists and provides a solution to create effective user interaction.
Methods: In this research, using a combination method, a qualitative analysis was carried out using the AEIOU method, 50 cyclists of the Tabriz Islamic Art University were selected using non-random sampling method. Using a desirability testing of 3 subjects, a quantitative survey was done. After the preparation of the design requirements, by using SCAMPER technique, ideas were evaluated through DFV technique and the final idea was developed.
Results: The results showed that users are faced with more psychological than physical problems during a gear shift. According to the desirability testing, the subject (2) with a score of 883, and the ratio of desirability of 1.212 compared to the subject (3) and 1.256 compared to the subject (1), was the most desirable product, which indicates the direct relation of the utility rate with the simplicity.
Conclusion: Since most users’ mistakes in understanding the logical displacement of the gears lead to poor bike switching conditions, the design of the product focuses on reducing user error and the number of additional operations and accelerating the user decision making process.
Majid Lashgari, Mohammadreza Arab,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Sound as a detrimental factor in working environments can create annoying conditions for people in addition to physical problems. Therefore, in addition to evaluating quantitative parameters such as pressure levels, it is absolutely necessary to study the quality parameters of the sound in the work environment.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic research, the sound of 285 MF tractor was recorded. Then, the EEG of five drivers were recorded in the pre-driving state and then when driving with the tractor in four different engine speed. The psychoacoustic annoyance model was used to assess the annoyance of tractor drivers. Then means were compared with Duncan comparison test at 5% probability level and the correlation between psychoacoustic acoustic and alpha and beta bands was determined.
Results: The results of ANOVA showed that different levels of engine speed on psychoacoustic annoyance were significant at 1% probability level. The results also showed a decrease in the amplitude of the alpha band, as well as an increase in the beta band amplitude due to increased engine speed. Regression results showed that there is a high correlation between the two alpha and beta bands and the psychoacoustic annoyance, so that the detection coefficient was 0.966 and 0.998, respectively, for the two bands alpha and beta.
Conclusion: This study showed that changes in the quality parameters of the sound and consequently the resulting annoyance caused the amplitude changes in both the alpha and beta bands. So, it can be concluded that the psychoacoustic annoyance is a good indicator of brain activity.
Mahboubeh Sadat Rahmanpour, Abbas Ebadi, Aram Tirgar,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The objective of hospital accreditation is to increase the safety and satisfaction of patients and employees, with the contribution of which can be achieved through environmental adaption. The present study aimed to explain the necessity of using ergonomic considerations in the process of hospital accreditation.
Methods: This methodological study was designed in 2018 and simultaneously conducted with the psychometric evaluation and validation of the structural fitness assessment tool of age-friendly hospitals. The determination of the structural components was done by examining the texts and validating the items using the Delphi method. After determining the content validity, classification of items into mandatory or essential sections was made by obtaining at least two thirds and one thirds of the experts votes, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data processing.
Results: The processing of expert opinion about 72 items (content validity) showed that the majority of subjects (55 items equivalent to 76%) were mandatory or essential, with the highest proportion of mandatory cases being made by the gerontologists, and the least architectural experts.
Conclusion: Considering the growth of the elderly population in the country and, on the other hand, the high contribution of the elderly to the treatment centers, and the necessity or basicity of the majority of tool items, the application of ergonomic principles in the accreditations seems necessary.
Afshin Marzban, Abdollah Hayati,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fruit harvesting operation, one of the most important operations related to date palm production, is performed manually. Manual date palm harvest suffers from frequent occupational risk factors due to excessive need of physical work resulting in work related illness and productivity reduction.
Methods: Present study was undertaken with recruiting twenty three harvest workers to evaluate and compare upper-trunk (consisting of work tasks: climbing, cutting the bunch, and descending) and bottom-trunk operations regarding physiological (heart rate and heart rate ratio) and physical (body pain) strains to identify onerous critical operations to address with simple and inexpensive interventions by future attempts.
Results: Upper trunk operation posed a more physiological strain as heart rate (29.4%) and heart rate ratio (177.8%) higher than bottom trunk operation. Body pain was self-reported by the upper trunk workers in low back and sole, and by lower trunk workers in low back.
Conclusion: The upper trunk operation was the onerous critical operation in manual date palm harvest, and climbing was the most critical work task in upper trunk operation. Climbing causes the highest physiological strain because workers moved in converse of gravity force, whereas descending led to lowest one because of moving in the similar direction with gravity.
Zivar Sabaghinejad, Abdolkazem Neisi, Somaye Parvin,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Each organization needs to provide an environment that is smooth, tensile, comfortable and affordable with appropriate physical and emotional conditions for each employee, a safe and relaxed working environment, so that they can work best with a sense of job satisfaction. The present study examines the ergonomic conditions of libraries in public universities in Ahwaz and its impact on job satisfaction and librarians.
Methods: This research is descriptive and has been surveyed. The population of the study consisted of 84 librarians of Shahid Chamran Universities and Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences who participated in the study census. To evaluate ergonomic conditions, a questionnaire was extracted from ergotools software, job satisfaction survey from Arenson et al. Scale and job evaluation questionnaire by Faraj Pahloo, Nooshin Fard and Hasanzadeh. Relationships between research variables were investigated using structural equation modeling.
Results: The results showed that there is a direct, positive and significant relationship between ergonomic conditions and job satisfaction, job satisfaction and job performance, and ergonomic conditions and job performance. There is also a positive and significant indirect relationship between ergonomic conditions and job performance due to job satisfaction.
Conclusion: All relationships between the variables examined were confirmed. Therefore, ergonomic conditions are effective both directly and through the job satisfaction of librarians’ job performance. Considering the positive and direct relationship, it can be said that the librarians of the public universities’ libraries of Ahwaz are pleased with better ergonomic conditions and show better job performance.
Elham Ahmadi Kivanani, Mostafa Pouyakian, Abbass Alipour,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Accurate measurement of the employees’ satisfaction with their office chairs can provide valid feedback on the chair design quality for the manufacturers and researchers. This study aims to design a valid and psychometrically evaluated questionnaire for measuring satisfaction with office chairs.
Methods: Through studying the two main documents about chair ergonomics including Iranian office chair standard No. 11388-1 and a valid Persian questionnaire on satisfaction with educational chairs (Mirmohammadi et al.), the initial 39-item office chair satisfaction questionnaire has been developed. Then face and content validity of the questionnaire have been checked out using qualitative and quantitative approach. Quantitative face validity was analyzed using impact score method. Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) have been used for quantitative content validity analysis. In order to analyze the questionnaire’s reliability, two methods including the internal consistency and constancy have been applied. To measure the internal consistency, α-Cronbach (alpha coefficient) and to evaluate constancy (test-retest) have been employed. Also, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized for specifying its sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off point. The data was analyzed by SPSS 21 and Stata V.14
Results: Mean (CVR) and (CVI) of final questionnaire have been calculated as 0.93 and 0.95, respectively. Questionnaire’s α-Cronbach coefficient has been gained 0.8. Kappa coefficient (for inter-rater agreement) has showed high score (0.91) in the test-retest results, indicating high correlation and good constancy of the questionnaire. In the ROC, the cut-off point was reported as 75.5 with the sensitivity and specificity of 86.2 and 100, respectively, and area under the ROC curve at this cut-off point was 0.96.
Conclusion: The final 34-item questionnaire has exhibited acceptable reliability and validity for measuring satisfaction level of office chairs.
Fakhradin Ghasemi, Kamran Gholamizadeh, Amin Doosti-Irani, Rahmani Ramin,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Upper extremities are very vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders and selecting the best technique for assessing their exposure to ergonomic risk factors is of pivotal importance. This study aimed to compare two techniques of SI and ACGIH-HAL and assess their relationship with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among butchers.
Methods: The study population was all butchers in Hamadan, Iran. After observing the activities, the assessments were conducted using both techniques. The severity of CTS syndromes was assessed using Boston questionnaire. The agreement between the techniques was investigated using Kappa coefficient. The association between the risk levels obtained from the techniques with the severity of CTS syndromes were assessed by regression analysis and fixing the effect of personal factors such as age, body mass index, and wrist ratio index.
Results: a total number of 152 butchers were evaluated. SI and ACGIH-HAL techniques respectively recognized 76 and 102 cases as low risk (agreement in 69 cases), 40 and 27 cases as moderate risk (agreement in 8 cases), and 36 and 23 cases as high risk (agreement in 18 cases). The Kappa coefficient between two techniques was 0.36 (P<0.001). By fixing the effects of age, body mass index, and wrist ratio index, both techniques had significant association with the severity of CTS syndromes. However, the association between SI and severity of CTS syndrome was higher than that of ACGIH-HAL.
Conclusion: SI had a higher estimate of risk than ACGIH-HAL. It seems that the predictive ability of SI for the severity of CTS syndrome is better than that of ACGIH-HAL.
Mehdi Ganji, Milad Karimi, Behnoush Bahari,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Due to the necessity of the proper driver packaging, setting parameters for the driver to achieve the highest ergonomics of the driver has a great importance. The range of variations in some parameters of the package is wide, and the correct selection of the packaging parameters until to achieve driver’s ergonomics position, requires some tests.
Methods: In this study, using the MINITAB16 software and using these parameters, several driving simulation were performed using the DHM (Digital human modeling) and DOE (Design of experiment) tools. Hence, for the C segment vehicles, the range of all driver’s package parameters, such as seat height, steering angle etc., was extracted using the A2MAC1 site, and was considered as the basis for the input parameter. According to the proposed tests by MINITAB16 software, the driver’s comfort level was evaluated based on the PORTER (1998) criteria.
Results: The seat height and also vertical and horizontal distances of the steering wheel to the accelerator heel point have the greatest impact on the driver’s ergonomics. Also, due to the high correlation between some of the parameters of the package and the ergonomics outputs of the body while driving, predictive equations were presented in this regard.
Conclusion: The results are the optimal model for ergonomic driving position. The most influential parameters of the driver’s package are ergonomically known and using the ANOVA (Analysis of variance), mathematical predictor models were presented.
Dr Ehsanollah Habibi, Emad Mirsalimi, Faezeh Darabi, Kamran Ebrahimi,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study focused on lifting drill rods. Drilling is a repetitive and heavy mining operation with a high incidence and severity of musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine how to lift a vertical drill bit (1.61m and 35kg in height) using two types of rod height and four feet positions, and finally compare them with the Lifting Index (LI).
Methods: Seven workers participated in this study. Each person raised a rod and held it vertically. Reflective markers were installed on each person, and from three cameras and an Ergo-meter plate for record forces and Movement of the limbs. In this case, four positions of the foot and pressures on the lower back were Investigated (position0=to the rod, position45=diagonally to the rod, position90=right side of the bar and free posture). In addition, two positions of the height of the rod were Investigated, at the first, the end of rod was on the ground (height of the rod was 83 m), and in the following the end of rod was on the Basket with height 20cm (rod height of 1.03 m).
Results: The Lifting Index (LI) for each person was equal to 1.4 in the NIOSH lifting equation. It was found that the vertical height of the rod had the greatest effect at the load on the lower back. Some workers use techniques that endure less pressure on their waist.
Conclusion: Finally, it was found that the asymmetric loading Condition (90 ° angle) was the worst case compared to the Lifting index and NIOSH standard.
Maryam Azhdardor, Shahnaz Tabatabaei,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders is a working environmental damage that affects staff’s quality of life; in addition to high costs, it reduces physical, mental and social heath, and thus reduces the efficiency of staff. This study aimed to investigate the relation between musculoskeletal disorders and quality of life in selected hospital’s staff.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the study population included all the employees (n=770) of Kordkuy Heart Hospital and Khatam al-Anbia Hospital of Gonbad Kavus, Golestan Province, Iran. The standard sample size of 300 employees (150 Kurdkuy and 150 Gonbad Kavus) from different occupational groups were randomly selected by stratified sampling. To collect the data, a demographic information form, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and the Lancashire quality of life profile were used. Independent t-test and Backward stepwise were run in SPSS 22.
Results: A significant relationship was observed between musculoskeletal disorders and musculoskeletal disorders (general) in staff. A significant relationship was observed between gender and musculoskeletal disorders. Between quality of life at different levels and demographic variables, a significant difference was observed between the average quality of life with emphasis on gender and body mass index.
Conclusion: According to the results, gender and working shifts were effective in risk of musculoskeletal pains and can have a negative effect on staff’s quality of life. Thereby optimizing work conditions has a considerable effect on quality of life.
Mahnaz Shakerian, Dr Alireza Choobineh, Dr Mehdi Jahangiri, Dr Moslem Alimohammadlou, Dr Mohammad Nami,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The recognition of a system failure causes and their related factors are considered as the most important factor in preventing accident occurrence in different organizations including industries. Human error is a known important factor in unpredictable events of which cognitive factors are the most influential ones. The purpose of this study was to introduce a new model for individual cognitive factors influencing human error as well as determining the interactions between the factors and their intensity using DEMATEL approach.
Methods: First a qualitative study was performed in order to identify and elicit the individual cognitive factors influencing human error among the workers of different industries. To ensure the adequacy and comprehensiveness of the elicited factors, then, the experts’ opinion was applied. DEMATEL method was used for understanding the interactions among the individual cognitive factors influencing human error. Finally, using these relationships, a new model of the study was proposed.
Results: Calculating D-R and D+R relating to the factors in terms of being cause or effect factor, D-R was -1.213 for C5 as the highest negative value, and D+R was 2.294 for the same factor (C5). Also, threshold level was calculated as 0.087 in the current study
Conclusion: In this study, the factors of failure in problem solving and decision making (C5) and difficulty in predicting possible hazards in the workplace are effects and the other factors were the cause factors. The factor of C5 was the highest interactive factor.
Zahra Vahedi, Dr Adel Mazlomi, Dr Ali Sharifnezhad, Dr Kamal Azam,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In the last decade, the smartphones have become one of the most popular technologies around the world. Due to the multi-functional use of smartphones, the technology users spend long hours using it.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental and experimental study. In the first section, 98 students entered the semi-experimental part and completed demographic and body map questionnaires before starting the study. They were asked to perform their duties with their phone for 20 minutes and then complete the body map questionnaire again. In the second part of this study, 12 women from the first group participated in the experimental study to assess the neck flexion using the motion capture. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Searching the Internet and sending texts were the most common tasks among the participants in this study. The use of cell phone caused an increase in pain and discomfort in the neck, shoulder, thumb, thenar. The results of the study showed that there is a significant association between sitting posture and high level of neck forward flexion. Furthermore, neck flexion increased during typing while both hands holding the handset.
Conclusion: Smartphone users have had repetitive motions in fixed postures for a long time, and these factors are thought to increase the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders.
