Showing 324 results for Type of Study: Research
Ali Zoghi, Hamid Rahimi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: The phenomenon of work-family conflict in organizations leads to important consequences, such as job burnout, emotional burnout, reduced job performance, and decreased individual well-being. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of work-family conflict on the emotional burnout of teachers in Qom City with the moderating role of organizational support.
Methods: The research was conducted based on structural equation modeling, and the statistical population included all teachers in Qom, totaling 3,864 people, of whom 390 were selected as a sample using the Cochran formula and stratified random sampling method. Three questionnaires of work-family conflict, emotional burnout, and organizational support were used. Research data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 and Pls software at descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential levels (structural equation model).
Results: The path coefficient of the variables showed that work-family conflict on emotional burnout (Beta=0.625, t=19.45, P=0.000) had a positive and significant effect, and perceived organizational support had a negative and significant effect on emotional burnout (Beta=0.127, t=-2.97; P=0.004).
Conclusion: Organizational support can have a moderating role in the relationship between work-family conflict and burnout. Therefore, the more the individual and his/her environmental conditions can control work-family conflict, and the more support the individual perceives from the organization, the less emotional burnout the individual will experience. Therefore, in addition to the courses it holds to increase teachers' knowledge in specialized fields, the education organization can also hold courses aimed at preparing them psychologically to deal with such stressful situations, which are sometimes unavoidable given today's life and improve their self-control and self-management skills to manage these situations.
Nilufar Davoodi, Arash Salahshouri, Marzieh Sadeghian,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: One of the occupations that is exposed to a lot of heat stress is taxi drivers. Due to their working conditions, these people spend a lot of time standing next to their cars in the sun to pick up passengers, and they are also exposed to heat stress throughout the entire driving journey. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention program on the cognitive performance of taxi drivers exposed to heat stress in a city in southern Iran.
Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental intervention that was conducted in three stages: initial assessment, training, and secondary assessment for 80 taxi drivers in two intervention and control groups. In the first stage, a general assessment of all drivers' knowledge and awareness of heat stress was performed, while cognitive parameters, including concentration skills and mental fatigue, were measured using a questionnaire. Then, training was given to the intervention group in both in-person and online formats. Two months after the start of training, cognitive parameters were measured for both intervention and control groups. Data analysis was also performed using SPSS software.
Results: The results after the intervention showed that the training significantly increased concentration skills and significantly reduced mental fatigue (P<0.001). Regarding concentration skills and mental fatigue, along with all subcategories of the two questionnaires, the results showed that there was no significant difference between these variables before the intervention between the two groups. However, the difference between the two groups was significant after the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Implementing an appropriate training program with follow-up over a period of two months to familiarize individuals with heat stress improved cognitive performance, and using follow-up training with a virtual structure improved the teaching and learning process and had an impact on individuals' performance.
Manizhe Afrashte Fard,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Presenteeism is defined as a global phenomenon that causes problems for workers who are present at work but are not fully efficient due to illness, boredom, unwellness, or other medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between presenteeism and the levels of labor productivity and job stress among the employees of a company affiliated with the Ministry of Petroleum.
Methods: The study subjects (n=59) were randomly selected from among the official employees of a provincial gas company according to the Cochran formula. The data of the study were collected using the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) and Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ). The one-sample t-test was used to check the significance of presenteeism among employees. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 26 software.
Results: In this research, it was found that 27 individuals (46%) participating in the project were presentees, while 32 people (54%) were not. The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between presenteeism and the subcategories of productivity (r=0.003) and the subcategories of job stress (r=0.016).
Conclusion: In this research, it was found that higher levels of presenteeism led to lower productivity of the workforce and higher levels of job stress, which imposes high costs on the organization.
Saeed Ilbeigi, Masoumeh Al-Eghabi, Mohammad Yousefi, Mohammad Hamed Hosseini,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Designing one-handed carrying tasks based on biomechanical findings has a significant impact on preventing musculoskeletal injuries. The present study was conducted to investigate the muscle synergy of the trunk and pelvis in the manual carrying of loads with different weights in healthy young people.
Methods: In this experimental study, 20 male volunteers performed the walking protocol without load, carrying different weights of 5%, 10%, and 15% of their own weight during unilateral manual load carrying. The electrical activity of the trunk and pelvis muscles while carrying loads of different weights was recorded using an electromyography device (Biovision). To evaluate the differences between different load-carrying conditions, a repeated measures test was used at a significance level of P≤0.05.
Results: The results showed that in the performance of manual load carrying, there was a significant difference between muscle synergy (synergy size) in all walking protocols, including 5% and 10% of body weight and 5% and 15% of body weight and between 15% and 10% (P≤05). While in the performance of manual load carrying, a significant difference was found between muscle synergy (synergy direction) in 5% of body weight and 10% of body weight, this difference was not seen in manual load carrying with 5% of body weight and 15% of body weight and also between synergy of 15% and 10% (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the difference in muscle synergy in terms of size in unilateral manual load carrying can, with increasing load, create more tension in the back and pelvic muscles; however, the direction or angle does not change compared to the no-load state.
Ali Afshari,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Job satisfaction is one of the most basic components of mental health, dynamism, efficiency, and creativity of employees in any job or profession. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy, self-regulation, and locus of control with job satisfaction in rotating shift employees of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia.
Methods: The research method is correlational. The statistical population in this study included all male employees working rotating shifts at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, 150 of whom were selected as a sample based on the stratified random sampling method according to the Morgan table. This study used the Hoffman and Kashdan Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire, the Scherrer Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Rutter Locus of Control Test, and the Smith, Kendall, and Hewlett Job Satisfaction Questionnaire as data collection tools. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with SPSS25 were used to analyze the hypotheses.
Results: The study showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction (0.001). There is also a positive relationship between self-regulation and job satisfaction and locus of control with job satisfaction (0.001). In the components of emotional self-regulation, the relationship of all three elements of concealment, compromise, and tolerance with job satisfaction was confirmed (0.001).
Conclusion: In short, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and internal locus of control are three important factors in determining the level of job satisfaction of employees. Cultivating these characteristics in people can help increase job satisfaction and, as a result, improve the performance and productivity of organizations.
Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Reyhane Sefidkar, Reza Raeisi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Mental workload and chronic fatigue in the workplace are challenges that affect employees' capabilities and health. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the subscales of mental workload and various physical and mental dimensions of chronic fatigue in small industries and related jobs.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on employees of small industries in Eghlid with a sample size of 247 participants. Data were collected using three questionnaires: demographic information, NASA-TLX, and Chalder fatigue scale. For data analysis, Spearman's correlation test and SPSS software were used.
Results: The results showed significant differences between marital status, age groups, and work experience across different occupations, while no significant differences were found based on education level. The highest mean score of the mental workload subscales was related to the physical demand subscale, while the lowest was related to the frustration subscale. Significant differences were observed in the scores of mental workload subscales across different job categories, but no significant differences were found in the scores of physical and mental fatigue dimensions across job types. All mental workload subscales, except for performance, had a direct correlation with physical and mental fatigue dimensions, while the performance subscale showed an inverse relationship.
Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the importance of a more precise understanding of the relationship between mental workload and fatigue in workplace environments and could contribute to improving working conditions and the quality of life for employees in small industries.
Karen Fatahi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to examine the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the air on thermal comfort, cognitive performance, and heart rate among healthcare workers while they engage in their duties within therapeutic environments. These settings are often characterized by high occupancy, inadequate ventilation, underground locations, limited natural light, and exposure to pollutants.
Methods: In this laboratory-based research, 20 employees from a specialized clinic were randomly assigned into two groups of ten. They were exposed to varying levels of CO2 at a controlled temperature of 25°C: one group experienced 1100 ppm with adequate ventilation, while the other was subjected to 1800 ppm without ventilation. Key parameters, such as heart rate, thermal comfort (assessed using the ASHRAE standard questionnaire), and cognitive performance (measured through the MOCA test) were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The statistical analysis revealed significant effects of cognitive performance and CO2 levels (1800 ppm vs. 1100 ppm) on thermal comfort (F(1,15)=13.257, P<0.05 and F(1,15)=16.694, P<0.05). Furthermore, both the CO2 levels and the gender of participants significantly influenced the heart rate of healthcare workers in their work environments (F(1,15)=53.381, P<0.05 and F(1,15)=9.642, P<0.05). Specifically, individuals exposed to 1800 ppm of carbon dioxide reported a thermal dissatisfaction score that was 0.878 units higher and exhibited a heart rate that was 9.25 beats per minute greater compared to those exposed to 1100 ppm.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of continuous air quality monitoring in workplace settings. Such measures can enhance thermal comfort levels, improve cognitive performance, and mitigate health risks for healthcare workers engaged in their professional activities.
Rasoul Hemmatjo, Abolfazl Ghahramani, Mansour Mahmood Aghbash,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Numerous factors such as job types and conditions, work organizations, and individual characteristics affect work ability of the workers. Furthermore, occupational stress is not solely influenced by individual characteristics; a stressful work environment is also a significant source of stress. Noise has been recognized as one of the major occupational hazards that adversely affects work condition in many industries. In the present study, the association of noise exposure with occupational stress and work ability of the workers in a food processing plant was investigated.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 142 workers of a food processing plant in various work groups. The OSIPOW questionnaire results were utilized to measure occupational stress and the work ability of the workers was determined by Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire. Noise exposure of the workers was calculated as a measure of 8-hour time weighted average. The association between noise exposure and work ability was analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Multiple regression test was utilized to analyze the simultaneous effect of variables. Moreover, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used to analyze the mean difference of independent variables.
Results: The findings demonstrated a significant positive association between noise exposure and stress level across various work groups (P<0.001). Furthermore, a significant negative relationship can be found between noise exposure and work ability of the workers (P<0.001). A simultaneous analysis of variables influencing occupational stress and WAI showed that noise had the most effect. Although occupational stress levels were not significantly different across working groups, mean difference of WAI was significant.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained findings, higher levels of noise exposure may contribute to increased occupational stress and decreased work ability among workers.
Shiva Mohammadjani Kumeleh, Mohammad Amin Rashidi, Azim Akbari,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Administrative employees are often at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders due to prolonged computer use. Additionally, frequent interactions with clients expose them to a high mental workload and job stress. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, mental workload, general health, and job stress among administrative employees to improve their working conditions.
Methods: The present work followed a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical method and was conducted on the administrative employees of an engineering company in 2021. Finally, 119 individuals participated in the study using the census method. Demographic information questionnaires, as well as Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), Cornell, NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Health and Safety Executive (HSE)-UK job stress checklists were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: According to the posture assessment with the ROSA method, the average final ROSA score was 4.33±1.03. Examination of mental load with the NASA-TLX indicated that 78% had a high mental load. In addition, according to the GHQ questionnaire, the average final general health score was 24.4±11.73. Moreover, based on the HSE-UK occupational stress questionnaire, more than 80% (103 people) of employees were under severe stress, and 12% (15 people) were under critical stress. A significant relationship was observed between occupational stress, body mass index (BMI), and age (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The implementation of intervention and control measures to improve musculoskeletal disorders, workload, general health, and job stress seems to be essential.
Majid Shahbazi, Javad Sarrafzadeh, Saeed Akhlaghi, Hossein Negahban,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Balance control is a crucial issue in patients with low back pain. Despite existing studies, the mechanism of balance control in patients with low back pain, especially under different loading conditions at various heights, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of height on balance during loading.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 54 low back pain patients and 20 healthy male individuals participated. Balance control was assessed using a force plate system. The participants were randomly instructed to lower the load from above the head to waist level and from waist level to the ground. The load was approximately 10% of the participants' body weight. The P value was established 5% level of significance.
Results: The results showed that during lifting from above the head to waist level and from waist level to the ground, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in variables such as medial-lateral and anterior-posterior velocity, total mean velocity, and center of pressure displacement in the anterior-posterior direction between the two groups. Intra-group comparisons of variables in healthy individuals and low back pain patients indicated significant differences (P<0.05) in all variables except anterior-posterior velocity in healthy individuals. Both groups exhibited increased postural sway while lowering at a lower height.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that both healthy individuals and low back pain patients display less balance when loading at a lower height with a flexed lumbar spine, indicating that considering these findings could contribute to rehabilitation, determining occupational conditions, and preventing workplace-related accidents.
Seyedeh Aghdas Hosseini, Zeynab Moradian Haft Cheshmeh, Fardin Zandsalimi, Mahsa Mashayekhi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Cognitive failures are important for reducing accidents and improving performance, and they depend on multiple factors. Given that this issue has received less attention among midwives, the present study aimed to determine the status of cognitive failures concerning individual factors and personality traits among midwives.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the summer of 2024 on 211 midwives working in Kermanshah province in Iran. The samples were selected using a convenience sampling method. In addition, a standard three-part questionnaire was used. The first part included demographic information, and the second and third parts included questions from the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and the short form of the NEO Personality Inventory. Moreover, data were analyzed using the SPSS (version 24) software.
Results: The mean age and work experience of the midwives participating in this study were 36.22±8.03 years and 10.38±7.85 years, respectively. The overall scores for cognitive failures in memory, action, and attention were 16.79±3.04, 17.41±2.80, and 16.30±3.62, in respective order. The results revealed a positive relationship between age, work experience, and body mass index (BMI) with cognitive failures and a negative relationship between exercising and cognitive failures. Neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness were positively related to cognitive failures, while conscientiousness was negatively related to cognitive failures.
Conclusion: The status of cognitive failures in the action dimension was more unfavorable than the other two dimensions. Some individual and personality traits were directly, and others inversely related to cognitive failures. Further research in this area is necessary.
Mahdi Ganji, Milad Karimi, Behnoush Bahari,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Nowadays, using digital displays in vehicles has become very common. Therefore, the reflection display screen issue as a virtual image on the vehicle's side windows at night is a controversial item in the ergonomics position of the designed display. Given the high importance of visual tasks, it is necessary to consider ergonomics considerations during vehicle design to achieve an optimal display position.
Methods: In the current study, by identifying the factors affecting the placement of the central display inside the vehicle and assigning level values for them, using the design of experiment statistical method with the full factorial approach, 243 runs were obtained from the combination of the identified factors using MINITAB (version 18) software. By implementing all the extracted runs, the amount of reflection from the central display on the side windows was subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Significantly effective factors (including their interactions) on the response of the reflection of the virtual image on the critical vision zone and the total reflection on the driver's right and left side windows were identified. In addition, the amount/direction of the factors' effect on the responses was analyzed using a linear regression model.
Conclusion: During the interior design process of the vehicle and display packaging, the factors identified in this study can be used as a control tool to reduce or eliminate the concern of the amount of display reflection on the side windows to prevent driver's ergonomics problems during nighttime driving.
Ali Sobhani Dargah, Mohsen Aliabadi, Rostam Golmohamadi, Maryam Farhadian, Mohamad Babamiri, Shiva Mohammadjani Kumeleh,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of tonal noise and background speech on neurophysiological parameters and noise annoyance based on personality characteristics.
Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male students were exposed to four scenarios of tonal noise, irrelevant speech, and broadband noise as a reference in a simulated laboratory environment. The LF/HF index and galvanic skin response were recorded before and during exposure to the noise. The level of noise annoyance was determined at the end of each test session using the noise annoyance questionnaire according to ISO 15666.
Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) indicated that the difference between the values of neurophysiological indices and noise annoyance in different noise exposure scenarios was significant (P<0.05). The effect of different tonal sound levels on galvanic skin response and noise annoyance was significant (P<0.05). In addition, the effect of 65 dB tonal sound level and 55 dB speech sound level on the LF/HF index was reported to be significant (P<0.05). Also, the effect size of 1.919 in exposure to 65 dB tonal sound level had the highest value compared to other noise exposure scenarios for the noise annoyance variable.
Conclusion: Exposure to different levels of tonal noise and irrelevant speech leads to disruption of individuals' neurophysiological parameters and noise annoyance in individuals regarding some of their characteristics and personality traits.
Kamyar Rostamabadi, Yadollah Hamidi, Mohammad Babamiri, Leili Tapak, Zahra Toosi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Health centers are the first level to provide care, and job performance is important to achieving the goals of the health systems. One of the factors that affects job performance is organizational culture. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between organizational culture and employee job performance.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) was conducted on 210 employees in one of the health centers of Kermanshah province using the census method in the years 2021-2022. Standard questionnaires were used to collect information, including the Denison Standard Organizational Culture Questionnaire and the Employee Job Performance Evaluation Questionnaire. The collected information was entered into SPSS (version 25) software and analyzed with statistical tests. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: There is a direct and significant relationship between the dimensions of organizational culture and employee job performance (P<0.05). Age and work experience had an inverse relationship with the dimensions of employee job performance (quality of work and initiative). Gender had a significant relationship with the organizational leadership dimension, and marital status had a significant relationship with initiative (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Organizational culture has a direct and significant relationship with the dimensions of employee job performance; therefore, by improving organizational culture, we can witness effective and sustainable changes in job performance. In addition, some demographic variables are also related to the level of employee job performance, and organization managers should pay attention to these variables when hiring.
Fatemeh Rezaie Pourmashizi, Behrouz Hajilou, Rashid Heidarimoghadam, Sara Anbarian, Mehrdad Anbarian,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Core muscles of individuals with low back pain show a different pattern of activity compared to the healthy group during load lifting. This issue may be due to changes in spinal control mechanisms such as muscle synergies. The aim of this study was to compare the synergy pattern of selected core muscles and lower limbs muscles during load lifting and lowering with two different techniqus among females with non-specific back pain in comparison with healthy group.
Methods: Eighteen healthy females with non-specific back apin and 18 match controls participated in this study. The activity of 8 muscles of the core and lower limbs was recorded while lifting a load of 10% of the subject's mass with stoop and squat techniques. Then, using non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, the pattern of muscle synergies was extracted. Pearson's correlation method and independed t-test was used to compare synergy patterns (p<0.05).
Results: Patients with back pain had a different muscle synergy pattern compared to the healthy group in both stoop and squat techniques. The peak muscle synergy patterns of patients in both techniques were different from healthy subjects and were created in a different time cycle of lifting the load.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that individuals with non-specific back pain use different synergy patterns during load lifting, and the body's control system may respons differently in patients with non-specific low back pain compared to healthy individuals. It is possible that the changes observed in the relative weight of muscles in patients and healthy people are caused by the changes in muscle synergy patterns, which requires further studies.
Samira Goran, Samaneh Pourhadi, Dr Aram Tirgar, Zahra Geraili,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The use of parks is very valuable for the elderly for various reasons such as physical, psychological and social aspects. Therefore, The suitability of these spaces to the needs of the elderly is of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to determine and introduce criteria for evaluating and classifying parks in terms of structural suitability for the elderly.
Methods: This methodological study was designed in 1403 and was conducted simultaneously with the psychometric and validation of the structural fit assessment tool for the elderly-friendly park. The structural components were determined through a literature review and item validation using the Delphi method. After determining content validity, the items were classified into mandatory, essential, and ideal sections by obtaining at least two-thirds and one-third of the experts' votes, respectively, and descriptive statistics were used in data processing.
Results: The final review of 58 items by experts showed that the majority of items (41 items, equivalent to 71%) were mandatory, 13 items (22%) were essential, and 4 items were ideal. The highest share of mandatory items was declared by ergonomists and the lowest by gerontologists.
Conclusion: Structural components of park design appropriate to the characteristics of the elderly are mandatory or essential in most of the cases studied, and only a few of them were identified as ideal. Therefore, the design of elderly-friendly parks requires attention to various aspects, including accessibility, safety, and comfort.
Fatemeh Faraghati, Mohammad Javad Asadollahzadeh, Maryam Hasani,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational health problems, particularly prevalent in driving-related professions. This study aimed to assess body posture and the risk of developing MSDs among urban train operators in Mashhad using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 train operators from the Mashhad Urban Railway were randomly selected. Demographic information and the prevalence of MSDs were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and postural assessment was performed using the REBA method. Statistical analysis was conducted using parametric (independent samples t-test) and non-parametric (chi-square) tests.
Results: A total of 87.1% of participants reported musculoskeletal complaints in at least one body region. The most commonly affected areas were the neck (60%), lower back (57.1%), and upper back (33.6%). REBA results indicated that 71.4% of operators were in the medium-risk category. There was a significant association between musculoskeletal disorders and body mass index (BMI), as well as years of work experience (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of MSDs and the medium level of postural risk among train operators, ergonomic interventions and training on proper working posture are strongly recommended to improve occupational health in this group.
Farahnaz Dastranj, Phd Ali Mohammadi, Hassan Sadeghi Naeini, Hanieh Nikoomaram, Reza Azizinezhad,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Participatory ergonomics, with its focus on the active involvement of stakeholders in designing and improving work systems, can be proposed as a key strategy for sustainable environmental management. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of integrating ergonomic principles and employee participation to elucidate how environmental sustainability can be achieved in workplace settings.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in an Iranian automotive industry. The participatory ergonomics program involved a 14-member expert team through weekly sessions consisting of two hours of theoretical training and one hour of practical application over a three-month period. The primary objectives of the program encompassed comprehensive training on ergonomics checkpoints established by the International Labour Organization (ILO), integration of ergonomic principles with environmental sustainability considerations, and development of practical competencies to implement acquired knowledge in actual workplace environments.
Results: Following the completion of the participatory ergonomics program and a thorough assessment of workplace issues, the ergonomics team successfully developed fifty practical recommendations, 20% of which addressed environmental concerns. Through six months of sustained collaboration between workers and management support, ten of the proposed recommendations were implemented.
Conclusion: The application of participatory ergonomics principles, with its emphasis on stakeholder engagement in work system design, can serve as a pivotal strategy for sustainable environmental management. This approach not only enhances the physical and psychological well-being of employees but also establishes an inseparable connection between technology, humans, and the environment through reducing occupational stress and natural resource consumption. Undoubtedly, interdisciplinary research in ergonomics and environmental sustainability can play a strategic role in achieving balanced development for future generations.
Sahel Fouri, Teimur الهیاری, Iraj Mohebbi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background and aim: Traffic accidents are a leading cause of mortality and severe injuries. Driver behavior is a significant factor influencing this issue. This study aimed to investigate the status of unsafe driving behaviors and their relationship with road accidents among intercity drivers in Urmia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 378 intercity drivers visiting the Occupational Medicine Center at Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed using a convenience method. The Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) was employed as the standard instrument. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 at the significance level of 0.05.
Findings: The highest score for unsafe behaviors was related to non-routine violations, with a mean of 1.33 ± 0.44. Significant positive correlations were found between all four DBQ subscales and road accidents (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that routine violations and errors significantly predicted 24.3% of the variance in annual accidents.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant associations between unsafe driving behaviors and traffic accidents, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to reduce high-risk driving behaviors.
Davood Afshari, Shakiba Babakhani Farshkar, Maryam Nourollahi, Maryam Seyedtabib,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Adverse events, defined as errors occurring during nursing care, have become one of the most serious threats to patient safety and quality of care in hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the role of various factors influencing adverse events among nurses.
Methods: An analytical epidemiological study was conducted on 360 nurses working in public hospitals in Ahvaz. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire, an environmental factors checklist, the standardized Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, the NEO Personality Inventory, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire assessing psychosocial work factors, and a standardized adverse events checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SMART PLS software.
Results: The most frequently reported adverse events were complaints from patients or their families, while surgical wound infections were reported less frequently. Additionally, 31 nurses (8.6%) reported more than 20 adverse incidents in the past 12 months. The developed model indicated that environmental noise significantly affects both patient safety culture and adverse events, and psychosocial factors influence patient safety culture; however, patient safety culture alone did not have a significant effect on the occurrence of adverse events.
Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of adverse events among the studied nurses was high. Exposure to environmental noise and psychosocial factors substantially impacts patient safety culture. These findings can inform strategies to improve adverse event management and enhance patient safety culture.
