Showing 9 results for Karami
Zohreh Karami, Rostam Golmohammadi, Ahmad Heydari Pahlavian, Rashid Heydari Moghaddam, Jalal Poorolajal,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Journal of Ergonomics 2013)
Abstract
This before-after clinical trial investigated the effect of daylight on morning and night melatonin, subjective general health using GHQ questionnaire, sleepiness and alertness on elderly who lived in nursing houses.
Nineteen nursing home residents participated voluntarily. They exposed to daylight from 9 to 10 A.M. and from 4 to 5 P.M. for 6 weeks. General health of all participants was evaluated using general health questionnaire (GHQ) as well. Also we used of KSS and VAS questionnaire foe assessment of sleepiness and alertness.
Baseline morning and night melatonin levels were 25.39 (±19.75)pg/ml, and 40.3 (±21.55)pg/ml respectively. Daylight exposure significantly affected morning melatonin at 7:00 A.M. but had no significant effect on night melatonin at 8:00 P.M. Mean score of general health changed 36.31 to 29.89 (P=0.003). Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) showed increase sleepiness and decrease alertness from 3:00 to 7:00 A.M. Sleepiness decreased and alertness increased during 1:00 P.M and 20:00 P.M.
Overall day light exposure may delay sleep phase and circadian rhythm problems in elderly people. Anxiety and insomnia could be improved with daylight exposure. Our findings suggest that elders should be exposed to scheduled daylight in morning and evening for prevention and improvement of mental disorders. Adequate light should be provided for elder’s homes and nursing house. We have proposed to further study with a larger sample size be done to assess effect of daylight on GHQ' subscales.
Behzad Karami Matin, Azar Mehrabi Matin, Mansour Ziaei, Zeinab Nazari, Hamed Yarmohammadi, Faramarz Gharagozlou,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Journal of Ergonomics 2013)
Abstract
Background and aim: the workers in Quarry and Stone Industries done frequently some duties including lifting and carrying of heavy loads and they are exposed to high risk of cumulative trauma disorders. The aim of this study was to comparing the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and risk of work postures in Quarry and Stone Industries workers.
Material and methods: this cross-sectional and analytical study was done on 63 workers of Stone Industries and 46 workers of Quarries in Kermanshah. Data were collected using by Nordic standard questionnaire, Body map chart and REBA method. The gathered data was been analyzed by Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Spearman and Pearson tests. P was 0.05.
Results: The most prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in both Stone and Quarry industries was related to low back that was 54% and 39% respectively. Mean and standard deviation of final scores of REBA in Stone and Quarry workers were 9.06±1.45 and 4.6±1.18 respectively. Results shows that a significantly correlation between age, work history and BMI with musculoskeletal disorders in Stone Industries and between age and work history with this disorders in Quarries (P<0.05).
Conclusion: the results shows that the risk level of REBA and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of Stone Industries was more than Quarries in shoulder, wrist, hand, lumbar, femur, knee, leg and ankle.
Mansour Ziaei, Hamed Yarmohammadi, Behzad Karamimatin, Soudabeh Yarmohammadi, Zeinab Nazari, Faramarz Gharagozlou,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Journal of Ergonomics 2014)
Abstract
Background: Nurses’ Burnout can lead to increasing absenteeism and also decreasing energy and quality of service that provided by them. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occupational burnout and its related factors among nurses of a hospital in Kermanshah city in 2013.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study 189 nurses were selected randomly. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The gathered data were analyzed by Pearson, Independent T-test and ANOVA in statistical level of p≤0.05.
Results: Mean score of occupational burnout was 61.89. 39.2% nurses reported high emotional exhaustion, 37.6% high depersonalization and 73.5% of them had low personal accomplishment. There were statistical relationship between emotional exhaustion with employment status (p=0.015) and educational degree (p=0.041), between depersonalization with employment status (p=0.022) and working shift (p=0.023), and also between personal accomplishment with age (p=0.010), working experience (p=0.002) and shift working (p=0.045).
Conclusion: The level of nurses’ occupational burnout was average to high. The causes may be high workload, unsafe and boring work environment and high stress. It can be increased the commitment, positive sense to work and personal accomplishment can be reinforced by correct management of human resources including the determination of duties and strategies according to nurses’ ability, new approaches for encouragement and motivation as well as running stress management workshops.
Rostam Golmohammadi, Mohammad Hajiakbari, Rashid Heydari Moghadam, Razie Zare, Seyede Khadije Hoseini, Samane Karami,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (Journal of Ergonomics 2015)
Abstract
Introduction: In an
educational environment, the quality of vision is integral to educational
progress. Creating visual comfort and increasing efficiency and the desire to
study are among the benefits of adjusting the lighting in classrooms and
preventing visual impairment in the students. The present study was conducted
to evaluate the degree of internal lighting in girls' schools across Hamadan in
2006 and 2014 so as to help identify their potential problems.
Materials and
Methods: The present study was conducted in girls' schools across Hamadan on two
different occasions –in 2006 and 2014. On each occasion, the average general
and local lighting on the classroom blackboards were measured by the
recommended methods of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America on
non-sunny days using a Lux Meter and were then compared to the standard limits
recommended in the Health and Safety Code of schools and by the Illuminating
Engineering Society of North America. In addition to the degree of lighting,
certain quality assessment criteria were assessed, including the lighting
layout, lamp maintenance, contrast, internal surface cleaning, lighting system
maintenance, type of lamps and technical suitability of the design.
Results: Taking the
criteria for favorable lighting conditions into account, less than 25% of the
sites examined had favorable lighting on both occasions in 2006, only 16% of
the classes had favorable general lighting and in 2014, the degree of lighting
fell to an unacceptable range in all classes and only 6% of the entire
classroom were covered by a standard degree of local lighting on the
blackboard. The results also show that surface reflection coefficients are
within the desirable range.
Conclusion: The lack of
favorable general and local lighting on the blackboard at schools in 2014 and
its comparison with the results of the 2006 lighting assessment indicate that
providing standard lighting is still a problem for schools. Improper lighting
layouts and the use of incandescents or inappropriate light bulbs are among the
major causes of poor lighting conditions in girls' school across Hamadan.
Farideh Dehghan Manshadi, Gholamreza Haj-Valie, Rashid Heydari Moghadam, Khosrou Khademi Kalantar, Alireza Yavari Kia, Manoochehr Karami,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Journal of Ergonomics 2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Concurrent pain in
the knee joint and its-related muscles is expectable in patients with
sacroiliac dysfunction. However, the association between the severity of knee
pain and the level of sacroiliac dysfunction is still unclear. The present
study aimed to determine the association between the severity of sacroiliac
dysfunction and the severity of pain due to involvement of knee compartment.
Materials and Methods: One hundred
consecutive patients who visited an orthopedic clinic with the primary
complaint of knee pain were recruited. According to specific diagnostic tests, 50
had sacroiliac dysfunction and 50 had no history of sacroiliac dysfunction. The
severity of knee pain was determined using the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS).
T-tests were then performed to compare the two groups in terms of AKPS scores.
Results: The mean AKPS score
was 33.2 ± 12.1 in patients with sacroiliac dysfunction and 62.6 ± 18.6 in
those without sacroiliac dysfunction (p < 0.001). Moreover, anterior knee
pain was more frequent in the first group (56% vs. 10% p < 0.001).
Conclusion: There is a
significant association between the severity of anterior knee pain and severity
of sacroiliac dysfunction. This association may be due to involvement of knee
extensor muscles following the progression of sacroiliac dysfunction.
Mahshid Bahrami, Mansoureh Sadeghi, Alireza Dehdashti, Meysam Karami,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Journal of Ergonomics 2018)
Abstract
Introduction: working with computer for long duration, static condition, and poor posture may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to assess an educational and ergonomic intervention on improving work procedure among computer users in office work in 2016.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 28 employees of administrative staff of Damghan Velayat Hospital. In order to determine the level of ergonomic risk, the physical status of patients was evaluated before and 6 months after intervention using ROSA method. The ergonomic principles were also used to increase the staff’s awareness. Finally, one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were used to analyze the statistical data.
Results: Prior to the implementation of the educational intervention program, the most important risk factors were in the neck (P=0.009), elbows (P=0.019) and shoulders (P=0.031), respectively. After the intervention, this level of risk was reduced in the organs, which was a significant change. There were also other variables; age (P=0.028), gender (P=0.015), BMI (P=0.040), education level (P=0.047) and job experience (P=0.025). They had a significant effect on the final score of ROSA.
Conclusion: The results indicated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk level by ROSA method which requires ergonomic intervention in the design of the environment, tools and equipment along with educational intervention.
Fatemeh Karami, Samira Ghiyasi, Ahmad Soltanzadeh,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: ِِDespite complex technologies in many work environments, human errors are of great importance as they might lead to severe and catastrophic accidents. Therefore, in order to prevent and limit the consequences of human error, it seems necessary to identify and find the causes of them. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the human errors of locomotive maneuvers in the railway repair and development project, 2019.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the identification and evaluation of human errors in locomotive maneuvers in the MAPNA railway repair and development project using SHERPA technique was done. First, using the hierarchical task analysis method, the activities of the maneuvers are divided into their tasks and sub-tasks; in the next step, the types of human errors in each of the tasks were identified and then human errors were evaluated according to SHERPA instruction.
Results: A total of 206 errors were identified in the present study. Errors included 48.5% action error, 39.8% checking error, 10.2% information communication error and 1.5% selection error. The lowest and highest errors related to locomotive displacement error were related to hot single diesel (14.0%) and locomotive displacement error on service pit (29.6%). Of the identified errors, 23.8% had an unacceptable risk level, 51.1% had an ALARP risk level and 25.2% had an acceptable risk level.
Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that the most unacceptable risks and ALARP were related to checking and action error, respectively. So, it is suggested that the design and implementation of control measures related to these two types of errors should be prioritized.
Zohreh Karami, Zahra Naserzadeh, Neda Mahdavi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics 2023)
Abstract
Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) induced by work are common in laboratory jobs. One of the most important reasons for disorders is the lack of personal fit with a workstation. This study aims to evaluate the body posture of experts in scientific-research labs and explore their anthropometric fitness with workstations on the campus of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2022.
Methods: To investigate the MSD prevalence associated with the work, it was used the Nordic questionnaire and, for evaluating the posture, the Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA) technique. Then, to check the compatibility of laboratory personnel with the workstations, some interventions were proposed to improve them.
Results: According to the findings, the highest amount of prevalence of pain over the past year was in the neck area, 68.7%, and waist area, 59.37%, respectively. To assess the body posture using the NERPA technique, the middle level of corrective actions as well as more research was required. Also, the highest score of the risk, i.e. 40.62%, was allowed to the neck. In most activities, there was not any match between the dimensions of the personal body and the workstation.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of MSD symptoms is high among the experts in research laboratories, and the risk levels of ergonomic assessment are in the middle. It seems that the lack of anthropometric matches with the workstation generally has led to adverse work posture and thus, the prevalence of MSD disorders. So, providing anthropometric matches between people who work in research laboratories and their workstations is essential to reducing these disorders.
Fatemeh Alibeygian, Hamidreza Mokarami, Reza Kazemi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics 2024)
Abstract
Objectives: The current qualitative study aimed to understand the factors affecting the optimal performance of bus drivers using the macro ergonomics approach and the work systems model. This topic is important as it addresses significant gaps in the existing literature regarding the ergonomic and systemic factors influencing driver performance.
Methods: In this study, 13 in-depth interviews were conducted with bus drivers. A qualitative content analysis of the data was performed using MAXQDA2020 software after data collection. Codes were extracted based on nine categories of factors affecting performance related to the five components of the work system: organizational, individual, environmental, task, and technology.
Results: The analysis revealed that employees reported low performance mainly due to organizational structural problems and managerial characteristics. These findings highlight the critical role of organizational factors in driver performance.
Conclusion: The results indicate that ergonomic interventions targeting organizational structural issues and managerial practices could significantly improve the performance and satisfaction of bus drivers. The insights gained from this research can inform practical interventions to improve the working conditions and overall performance of this occupational group. These findings contribute to the field by providing a direction for enhancing the work system to better support driver performance.
