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Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Complaints among Medical Students: An Outcome Related to the Expansion of Virtual Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Mounes Khani, Aram Tirgar, Samaneh Pourhadi, Zahra Geraili,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics 2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Considering that working with virtual education equipment increased significantly during the COVID-19 era, the purpose of this research was to investigate the association of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders with the use of electronic equipment during virtual education.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a group of students in the first four years at Babol University of Medical Sciences, whose courses were mostly presented virtually. Data collection tools included a demographic information form and the standard Nordic questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS22 software using descriptive and inferential statistical indicators, including the Chi-square statistical test. The significance level was considered at 0.05.
Results: The data obtained from 318 medical sciences students showed that 83.6% of them complained of pain in the musculoskeletal system during the past year. More than 21% of the participants had to take medicine, 19.9% needed to visit a doctor, and 4.1% had to use physiotherapy services. The results also showed there was a direct and statistically significant correlation between the frequency of complaints regarding musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in the past week and year and the level of use of virtual teaching devices (P≤0.001).
Conclusion: The expansion of virtual education in universities and the prolonged and continuous use of electronic educational equipment can be effective in increasing the frequency of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders among medical sciences students. Moreover, the lack of regular physical activity, smoking, high levels of stress, insomnia, and fatigue among medical students were also known as other effective factors.

Assessing the structural suitability of parks for the elderly with an emphasis on ergonomic considerations
Samira Goran, Samaneh Pourhadi, Dr Aram Tirgar, Zahra Geraili,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics-In Press 2025)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: The use of parks is very valuable for the elderly for various reasons such as physical, psychological and social aspects. Therefore, The suitability of these spaces to the needs of the elderly is of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to determine and introduce criteria for evaluating and classifying parks in terms of structural suitability for the elderly.
Methods: This methodological study was designed in 1403 and was conducted simultaneously with the psychometric and validation of the structural fit assessment tool for the elderly-friendly park. The structural components were determined through a literature review and item validation using the Delphi method. After determining content validity, the items were classified into mandatory, essential, and ideal sections by obtaining at least two-thirds and one-third of the experts' votes, respectively, and descriptive statistics were used in data processing.
Results: The final review of 58 items by experts showed that the majority of items (41 items, equivalent to 71%) were mandatory, 13 items (22%) were essential, and 4 items were ideal. The highest share of mandatory items was declared by ergonomists and the lowest by gerontologists.
Conclusion: Structural components of park design appropriate to the characteristics of the elderly are mandatory or essential in most of the cases studied, and only a few of them were identified as ideal. Therefore, the design of elderly-friendly parks requires attention to various aspects, including accessibility, safety, and comfort.


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